大麻素系统在骨科中的应用进展

Recent progress in the application of cannabinoid system in orthopaedics

大麻素是一类存在于大麻花梢和花瓣中，具有药理学作用的亲脂类化合物。19世纪末欧洲，人们将大麻用来治疗疼痛、肌肉痉挛、哮喘、失眠、抑郁、厌食等，但其主要有效成分A9一四氢大麻酚（THC）直到1964年才通过立体化学被确认Ⅲ。之后，学者们又发现了约60种植物源性大麻素，并合成了众多结构和功能相似的大麻素类化合物。1990年，Matsuda等0’从大鼠脑基因库中克隆出THC的受体CBl，从而揭示了大麻素生理功能的分子机制。随后，1993年，Munro等”’从人早幼粒细胞白血病细胞系HL60基因库中克隆出受体CB2。

Cannabinoids have been implicated in many physiological processes, ranging from appetite regulation and pain perception to motor function development and immune response regulation. And cannabinoids have been approved for clinical use in the treatment of the following symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting caused by cytostatic therapy, loss of appetite in HIV / Aids-related cachexia, refractory spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis, the side effects of chemotherapy in cancer patients, chronic pain and so on. Recent studies found the expressions of cannabinoids and cannabinoid receptors in the bone and synovial tissues, and their important roles in bone metabolism were confirmed. Preclinical testing in animal models demonstrated that cannabinoids could alleviate the development of arthritis, prevent osteoporosis and improve the neurological function following spinal cord injury. So the recent progress in the application of cannabinoid system in orthopaedics was reviewed in this paper, with the expectation to provide a new direction for orthopaedic research and apply cannabinoid drugs in the clinical treatment of orthopaedic diseases.