不同品种禽类ALV和REV感染情况调查

Investigation on the Infections of ALV and REV in Different Poultry Species and Breeds

为了解中国地方特有鸡种及其他禽类中ALV、REV的自然感染状态，通过采集6种特有的家养禽类（包括六画山鸡、大麻鸭、小麻鸭、右江鹅、凌云乌鸡、隆林雪花鸡）的血清及肛拭子各593份，利用禽白血病病毒P27抗原检测试剂盒、禽白血病病毒A／B亚群和J亚群抗体检测试剂盒、禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒抗体检测试剂盒分别进行检测。结果发现，不同品种禽类的P27抗原的检出率差异较大，属于水禽的鸭、鹅均未检出，而六画山鸡和两个地方品种鸡呈现15．4％～43．2％的阳性率；与P27抗原检出情况类似，鸭、鹅禽白血病A／B亚型、J亚型的抗体水平均相对较低，而各个地方品种的鸡群则阳性率相对较高（7．7％～71．6％）。调查还显示，一些种群同时存在着AI，V的P27抗原和抗体以及J亚型与A／B的多重感染，一些种群同时存在着ALV与REV共感染的情况，特别是雪花鸡群里甚至存在P27抗原、ALV-A／B抗体和REV抗体同时呈阳性的情况（9．47％）。通过此次流行病学调查，首次较为详尽地报道了中国地方特有品种鸡及家养非鸡禽类的ALV几种亚型、REV自然感染状态特别是混合感染情况，证实中国即使是一些纯地方品系的家禽也存在不同程度的ALV、REV感染。结果将有助于进一步明确禽白血病防控工作的重要性及紧迫性，为下一步的净化工作提供参考。

The aim of this study was to investigate the infection situations of avian leukosis virus （ALV） and avian reticuloendotheliosis virus （REV） in 6 unique species of ＂non-chicken＂ birds and local chicken breeds including Liuhua pheasant, Dama duck, Xiaoma duck, You-jiang goose, Ling-yun Black chicken, Snow flake Chicken. Totally 593 samples of both sera anal swab from six kinds of poultry were collected and detected with ALV antigen test kit, avian leukosis virus antibody test kits-subgroup A/B and J, and REV antibody test kit respectively. The results showed that： （1） There were significant difference of ALV antigen detection rate between differ- ent breeds, some positive case were found in local chicken breeds and pheasant, and the positive rate was 15.4%-43. 2% among them, while no positive were found in ducks and gooses; （2）Same as the situation of ALV antigen detection rate, ALV antibody detection rate of chickens was higher than ducks and gooses, the positive rate was 7.7%-71.6% among chickens, while on- ly few positive cases of You-jiang goose, Dama duck, Xiaoma duck, were also founded. （3） The situation of co-infected with ALV-J and ALV-A/B, coexist with ALV antigen and antibody, co- infected with ALV and REV cases were found, especially ALV antigen, ALV-A/B antibody, REV antibody all positive cases were found in Snowflake chicken breeds （9.47%）. This is the first report of the ALV and REV infection in various species of ＂non-chicken＂ poultry and local chicken breeds. The results showed that some pure local avian breeds were infected by ALV and REV. It can be concluded that the results of the study will be helpful for understanding the emer- gence and importance of avian leukosis prevention and control in poultry and can be used as an im- portant reference for the further eradication of avian leukosis.