福州和厦门市售螺类感染广州管圆线虫监测结果分析

Prevalence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection in Snails for Sale in Fuzhou and Xiamen

目的调查福州、厦门两市销售的食用螺类感染广州管圆线虫情况。方法于2009-2012年每月2次对福州、厦门菜市场各2个点和餐馆各5个点出售的生鲜食用福寿螺、铜锈环棱螺和圆田螺进行定点监测。每点每次采集福寿螺和圆田螺各50只以上,铜锈环棱螺500 g。用肺检法检查福寿螺的广州管圆线虫感染情况,匀浆法检查铜锈环棱螺和圆田螺的广州管圆线虫感染情况。结果采集福州、厦门两地菜市场销售的福寿螺共112份5 744只,广州管圆线虫感染率为13.8%(753/5 744),以2009年感染率最低,为8.4%(28/334),2011年感染率最高,为16.7%(361/2 160),感染率总体呈逐年增高趋势(P<0.05);采集厦门餐馆出售的福寿螺共176份6 879只,广州管圆线虫感染率为12.8%(877/6 879),不同年份感染率间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。菜市场和餐馆出售的福寿螺,一年四季均可检出广州管圆线虫,不同季节的感染率间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。采集两地菜市场销售的铜锈环棱螺共73份19 843只,广州管圆线虫感染率为0.2%(31/19 843),其中以2011年感染率最高,为0.3%(16/5 953),2010年感染率最低,为0.04%(2/4 706)。采集两市圆田螺共7份361只,均未检出阳性螺。结论福州、厦门菜市场和餐馆不同季节销售的福寿螺和铜锈环棱螺均检出广州管圆线虫,存在食品安全风险。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in snails for sale from Fuzhou and Xiamen of Fujian Province. Methods During 2009-2012, two markets and five restaurants from each city were selected as surveillance sites. A. cantonensis infection rate in Pomacea cana!iculata, BeUamya aeruginosa and Cipangopa!udina cathayensis was examined two times per month. More than 50 P. canaliculata or C. cathayensis, and about 500 g B. aeruginosa were collected in each site. A. cantonensis larvae infection was determined by lung-microscopy in P. canaliculata, and by tissue homogenate method in C. cathayensis and B. aeruginosa, respectively. Results In mar kets, a total of 5 744 P. canaliculata were collected, and the infection rate of A. cantonensis larvae was 13.8% （753/5 744） with the lowest prevalence in 2009 （8.4%, 28/334） and the highest one in 2011 （16.7%, 361/2 160）. The overall in- fection rate of A. cantonensis showed an increasing trend over the past years （P〈0.05）. In restaurants, 879 P. canaliculata snails were examined in Xiamen City, and the infection rate was 12.8% （877/6 879）. No significant difference was found among years （P〉0.05）. A. cantonensis larvae were found from P, canaliculata for sale in different seasons with no statisti- cal difference （P〉0.05）. 19 843 B. aeruginosa snails were collected in markets from the two cities, and the infection rate was 0.2% （31/19 843）. The infection rate was highest in 2011 （0.3%, 16/5 953） and lowest in 2010 （0.04%, 2/4 706）. All the 361 C. cathayensis snails were negative. Conclusion A. cantonensis larvae are found in P. canaliculata and B. aerug- inosas from markets and restaurants of Fuzhou and Xiamen in different seasons during the years.