东方蝾螈、太行隆肛蛙、丽纹龙蜥心脏的比较组织学研究

Comparative Histology Study on Cardiac of Cynops orientalis,Feirana taihangnicus and Japalura splendida

采用H.E.染色、显微镜观察法对东方蝾螈、太行隆肛蛙、丽纹龙蜥的心脏进行研究.结果显示:东方蝾螈、太行隆肛蛙心脏结构基本相同,丽纹龙蜥的心脏与二者有一定差别.3种动物的心脏均为两心房一心室,但丽纹龙蜥的心室开始出现不完全分隔,为不完全的双循环系统;红细胞均为有核红细胞;心脏壁有内、中、外3层结构,分别为心内膜、心肌层及心外膜.心内膜位于心脏内层,表面是一层不规则的多角形内皮细胞,胞核为椭圆形.心肌层主要由心肌纤维构成,心肌纤维间充满结缔组织和血管.心肌纤维由心肌细胞组成,胞核呈圆形或椭圆形,位于细胞中央.心外膜位于外层,由结缔组织构成,内含较多弹性纤维.3种动物心脏结构的差别是两栖类、爬行类动物在进化过程中对环境不断适应的结果.

The cardiac of Cynops orientalis, Feirana taihangnicus and Japalura splendida are studied by histological technique, staining by H. E. and observing under microscopy. The results showed that the cardiac structure of Cynops orientalis and Feirana taihangnicus are basically same in histological level, but Japalura splendida is different from two species in those respects. There are two atriums and one ventricle in three kinds of animals. The ventricles of reptile heart are not separated by septum fully which is incomplete two-cycle system; the red blood cells have nucleus. The walls of the cardiac include a three-layer structure： endocardium, myocardium and epicardium respectively. The endocardium is located in the inside of the cardiac and there is a layer of irregular polygonal endothelial cells （EC） on its surface while the nucleus of EC is oval. Myocardium is mainly consisted of cardiac muscle fibers which are full of connective tissue and blood vessels. Cardiac muscle fiber is made up of myocyte whose nucleus locating in the center of the cell are round or oval. Epicardium is located in the outer, made up of connective tissue containing many elastic fibers. The differences of the cardiac structure among Cynops orientalis, Feirana taihangnicus and Japalura splendida reflect the cardiac evolutionary processes and adaptation to the environment.