恐惧重构与威权再塑:淮北“毛人水怪”历史背景研究

Fear Reconstructed and Authority Reshaped;The Historical Background of "The Furry Man and Water Monster" in Huaibei

千百年来,淮北是"毛人水怪"之类谣诼的多发地,也是中国历史上开业帝王最密集的诞生地。这里的民众不但需要赐给他们阳光雨露的代表,更需要他们敬之仰之的偶像。从狐鸣篝火到独眼石人,反叛者多制造并利用民众的恐惧心理,打破旧的偶像崇拜,以动员民众推翻"旧"政权。而当"新"政权建立后,统治者又必须对恐惧加以控制,消除社会中潜在的动员能量,重塑新的威权,达到社会安定。因此,在淮北,一方面,确如马克思所说的那样,行政权力统治着社会;另一方面,基于中国特有的国情,又由政治权力塑造着社会。由于政治对社会的塑造往往没有探寻社会的基本实情,遵循社会发展规律,这种塑造短期内为政治带来了巨大的收益,却一以贯之地埋下了社会动荡的根源。

For thousands of years,Huaibei was the place where such ballads as 'furry man and water monster' most often appeared;it was also the birthplace of the founders of many dynasties in Chinese history.The people here need not only holy representatives to bestow sunshine,rain and dew on them,but also those revered idols.From 'the barking fox and bonfire' to one-eye stone man,the rebels more often utilized people's fear to knock down old idols,and to mobilize the people to topple down the 'old' regime.But,when a 'new' regime was set up,the rulers had to restore social order and rebuild new authoritarianism by controlling fear,and annihilating the potential power of social mobilization.Consequently,in Huaibei,on the one hand,the society was ruled by the administrative force;and,on the other hand,it was also shaped by political power,as was typical in China.Bringing temporary peace to the regime,political shaping of a society,due to its neglect of the basic situation of the society and its law of development,merely laid up troubles for the future in the long run.