制革鞣制用减少铬污染关键材料的研究进展

Development of cleaner chrome tanning auxiliaries

铬鞣法是目前制革工业中最成熟的鞣革方法之一,传统铬鞣法可赋予皮革良好性能,但由于铬鞣剂的吸收率不高,造成了大量的浪费。为了提高铬鞣剂的吸收,降低制革工业中铬鞣污染,目前可减少铬污染的化学品已成为皮革产业研究的热点之一。介绍了制革鞣制用减少铬污染关键材料的研究现状,对近年来常用的小分子羧酸化合物、醛酸化合物、含羧基的高分子化合物、天然高分子材料等进行了综述。提出了制革鞣制用减少铬污染关键材料仍是皮革行业重点发展方向之一,重视学科交叉,不断将新技术引入此类鞣剂的开发,对实现制革清洁鞣制研究的突破和跨越具有重要意义。

Chrome tanning was one of most mature method of the leather industry which brings good perform-ance to resultant leather.However,the low absorption rate （about 60%）of chrome tanning agent caused seri-ous pollution.In order to improve the absorption of chrome tanning agent and reduce the pollution of chrome tanning in leather industry,the research on cleaner chrome tanning auxiliaries becomes hot spot of leather in-dustry.In this paper,a review and evolvement on research on cleaner chrome tanning auxiliaries such as car-boxylic acid compounds,aldehyde acids,carboxylic acid polymer,natural polymer,are given.Additionally,our group has been committing to solve the pollution of traditional tanning and carrying out experiment on the chrome tanning exhausted auxiliary.A novel polymer-based montmorillonite nano composite was synthesized and applied to pickling and pickling-free tanning process separately,combined with 3% chrome tanning agent. The shrinking temperature of resultant wet-blue leather was 94 ℃,the amount of Cr2 O3 in the tanning wastewater was decreased to 0.1 g/L.Furthermore,the applying foreground of chrome tanning exhausted aux-iliary in leather industry was prospected.The research on cleaner chrome tanning auxiliary was still develop-ment direction in leather industry.Attention must be paid on interdisciplinary and continuous development of new technology which have great significance to the achievement and breakthroughs.