无卤阻燃全水发泡聚氨酯硬质泡沫的结构与性能研究

Structure and properties of halogen-free flame retardant water-blown polyurethane rigid foam

采用可膨胀石墨(EG)与聚磷酸铵(APP)、氢氧化铝(ATH)组成无卤复配体系阻燃全水发泡聚氨酯硬质泡沫(RPUF),并研究了其结构与性能。结果表明,27%(质量分数)的EG能使RPUF的LOI达到37%,但会破坏RPUF的结构完整性,使其压缩强度比纯RPUF降低27.5%;EG/APP/ATH复配体系具有良好阻燃协同效应,能很好地平衡阻燃RPUF的阻燃和力学性能,当其组份比为6/2/2、含量为27%(质量分数)时,阻燃RPUF的LOI达到39%,该复配阻燃剂对RPUF的结构影响小,阻燃RPUF的压缩强度为326kPa,仅略低于纯RPUF。

In this paper, halogen-free flame retardants, consist of expandable graphite （EG）, ammonium polyphosphate （APP） and alumina trihydrate （ATH）, were applied to water-blown polyurethane rigid foam, and the structure and properties of the flame retardant foam were studied. The results indicated that, the limit- ed oxygen index （LOI） of 27wt EG filled RPUF was 37%. However, the structural integrity of the RPUF was decreased, which led to 27.5G decrease of the compression strength of the RPUF/EG. EG/APP/ATH has good synergistic effect on flame retardancy of RPUF, which well balanced the flame retardant and mechanical properties of RPUF. With a content of 27wt% and a EG/APP/ATH composition of 6/2/2, the LOI of flame retardant RPUF reached 39%. The compounding flame retardants had slight influence on the structure of the RPUF, and the compression strength of EG/APP/ATH filled RPUF reached 326 kPa, only slightly lower than pure RPUF.