IIHS小偏置碰撞位移导向策略与结构评估方法

One displacement oriented strategy and a structural assessment method for IIHS new small overlap crash tests

在美国公路安全保险协会(IIHS)公布的3批小偏置碰撞测试结果中,汽车主机厂(OEMs)普遍得分较低。该文利用IIHS小偏置碰撞的数学模型分析得出:侧向残余位移与侧向速度、纵向碰撞载荷与纵向速度存在正相关性,解释了测试试验现象。提出了基于轻量化设计的侧向位移导向策略,易于实施且效果得到了试验验证。提出了基于碰撞载荷组合工况的结构评估方法,以此预估开发车型的小偏置碰撞结构安全性能。因此,"笼式安全车身(safety cage)"不是应对IIHS小偏置碰撞的必要条件,其测试难度被高估,且其对车辆被动安全设计的区分作用将难以持久。

Vehicle OEMs （Original Equipment Manufacturers） generally gain poor scores in the results of three batch-tests released by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety （IIHS） for small overlap impact. A mathematical model was built for the IIHS new small overlap crash test. An analysis from the mode reveals that there are positive correlations between the lateral residual displacements and the lateral speeds, and between the vertical collision loads and the vertical speeds, and then, the test phenomenon were reasonably explained. A lateral displacement oriented strategy was established for light-mass design. The strategy is easy to implement and verified by experiments. A structural assessment method was proposed for collision load combination conditions to estimate the structure safety performances for developing vehicles. Therefore, a ＂safety cage＂ is not a necessary condition to deal the IIHS new small overlap crash tests, their response difficulties are overestimated, and it will be not durable to distinguish passive safety design.