宏观视角下的企业家精神差异化配置与经济增长--一个文献述评

Differentiated Allocation of Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth in Macro Perspective:A Survey

20世纪90年代初以来,内生技术创新的经济增长理论取得了较大发展,出于对经济增长的关心,经济学家们又逐渐将研究视角聚焦于熊彼特的企业家精神、企业家精神差异化配置及其对经济增长影响等方面。本文在内生技术创新增长理论的框架下,沿着内生经济增长模型中引入企业家精神变量的时间脉络,对企业家精神差异配置的内生化理论模型发展做了较为详细的阐释,并对实证文献的计量方法和变量衡量问题做了简要评述。通过文献研究可以发现,熊彼特的企业家精神思想不断得到扩展,通过将企业家精神的差异化配置纳入创新增长模型中,并进一步内生化报酬结构,能够为跨国经济增长的差异提供较为合理的解释。而实证研究来看,企业家精神差异化配置的经济影响和非生产性活动的衡量仍然较为缺乏。基于对主要文献的梳理和分析,本文也初步探讨了此领域未来可能的研究方向,希望为中国转型加新兴经济体的相关研究提供启发和参考。

The economists pay more attention to the relationship of entrepreneurship, allocation of entrepreneur- ial activities and economic growth again since 1990s of last century with the progress of endogenous technologi- cal innovation theory and from concern for economic growth. Based on theoretical research~ of endogenous eco- nomic growth, this paper reviews the causes of entrepreneurship introduced in endogenous mode], mechanism of action, endogenization of entrepreneurs＇activities allocation and some empirical research on econometrics meth- od and variable measurement in 20 years. The literature review shows that idea of Schumpcter entrepreneurship has been extended. Endogenous technological innovation models introduced allocation of entrepreneurial activi- ties not only explain the difference of cress country, hut also determines the cross country difference in R＆D in- put level, technological level and growth rates. Otherwise, empirical research about the allocation of entrepre- neurial activities and unproductive activities is still lack. Finally, a premising research avenue is presented, and this paper will provide valuable reference to the research of this field in China as a tran itional and emerging market economy country.