论正义的教育——回归古典正义观审视教育的品质

On the Education of Justice——Reviewing the Quality of Education from the Perspective of Classical Justice

"正义"的内涵经历了从古典到现代的演变。启蒙运动以来的现代正义观与古典正义观的纷争主要在于什么是"自然"。现代启蒙运动之后的教育忽视或歪曲了正义的基础,导致教育出现丧失价值判断、尚同、不自省等问题,从而使教育更多地关注公平而忽视正义,使教育本应具有的关注人的德性发展的品质降低为只关注教育资源的分配。让教育重新回归古典的正义,应重新确立"德性"差异在教育正义问题中的重要位置,找回教育中关乎灵魂德性发展的部分,以此作为重建教育评价体系的价值基础,即让每个人做适合他的事情,各安其分,这就是正义。

The connotation of justice has experienced the evolution from the modem justice and the classical justice since the Enlightenment has been classical to modem. The argument between mainly about what ＂natural＂ is. Education after the modem Enlightenment has ignored or distorted the basis of justice, leading education to lose the value judgment to identify with the superior and not to examine itself, and as a result, education pays more attention to equality than justice, and only attaches importance to the allocation of educational resources, but ignores a person＇ s virtue. To help education re- turn back to the classical justice, it is necessary to establish the important position of ＂virtue＂ difference in the educational justice and get back what is concerned about the development of soul and virtue in education which will be the value basis for the reestablishment of educational evaluation system, i.e. everyone does what is appropriate to him, and this is justice.