民族地区特岗计划的现实困境与破解路径——基于2012年甘肃省新任特岗教师的调查

Difficulties Faced by the Special Post Plan in the Ethnic Areas & the Way Out——Based on the Survey of New Teachers in Gansu Province

特岗计划的实施为改善中西部农村地区师资薄弱的局面、优化教师结构、促进农村教育质量发展提供了强有力的支撑。通过问卷调查和访谈法,以甘肃省2012年新招录特岗教师为调查对象,对特岗计划在民族地区的实施情况进行的深入研究表明,特岗计划的实施为甘肃民族地区的农村学校补充了大批合格师资,推动了民族教育质量的提升,但在政策本体、教师待遇、师资结构以及职业认识等层面还存在诸多不足。加强和改进特岗计划的实施,需要加强特岗计划的适应性研究,实现政策效果的最优化;提高特岗教师的待遇,增强特岗教师的职业吸引力;优化特岗教师的结构,推动民族教育生态的发展;深化特岗教师的职业认识,加强和改进岗前培训。

The implementation of the special post plan has provided a strong support for improving the situation of shortage of teachers in the rural central and western areas, optimizing the structure of teachers, and promoting the quality of rural education. Through the questionnaire and interviews, a deep study of the implementation of the special post plan in the ethnic minority areas was conducted with 2012 newly-recruited teachers in Gansu province as the subjects of investi- gation. The results show that the implementation of the special post plan has provided a large number of qualified teachers for the rural areas in the ethnic minority regions of Gansu and improved the quality of minority education, but there are still a lot of deficiencies in many aspects like the political ontology, teachers＇ treatment, teachers＇ structure and cognition of profession. To strengthen and improve the special post plan, it is necessary to enhance the adaptability study of the special post plan to optimize the effect of policy; improve the treatment of special post teachers to increase the appeal of the job; op- timize the structure of special post teachers to promote the ecological development of national education; deepen the career awareness of teachers to strengthen and improve the pre-service training.