2010～2012年某综合医院肺结核病例流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of tuberculosis cases in a comprehensive hospital from 2010 to 2012

目的分析2010～2012年新疆某综合医院肺结核病例流行特征，为进一步做好结核病患者诊疗管理及有效控制肺结核提供依据。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统下载该医院2010～2012年肺结核病疫情资料，用描述流行病学方法分析结核病的时间、地区、人群分布。结果男性结核病患者多于女性，50岁、60岁、70岁年龄组结核病患者分别占15．16％、22．90％和16_31％，农牧民占29．80％，离退休人员占20．65％；新疆其他地区患者占69．09％，乌鲁木齐市占26．56％；但各年度、各季度结核病患者数差异无统计学意义（χ2=12．56，P=0．05），查痰率67.31％，痰检阳性率18．98％。结论根据患者性别、年龄、职业、地区及病例分类，制定有针对性的结核病例管理措施，加强老年人群、农牧民及在校学生肺结核病的发现和管理工作，做到早发现、早控制、早治疗，努力提高新疆结核病防治水平。

Objective To analyze epidemiological feature of tuberculosis cases in a comprehensive hospital from 2010 to 2012, to provide foundation for effective control and management of tuberculosis cases. Methods Epidemic data of tuberculosis cases in the hospital from 2010 to 2012 were downloaded from Chinese Information System for Diseases Control and Prevention. Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze time distribution, regional and population distribution. Results The male patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were more than the female. The patients of three age groups 50-year-old, 60-year-old, 70-year-old accounted for 15.16%, 22.90% and 16.31%, respectively; the patients of farmers and herdsmen accounted for 29.80%, and the retired accounted for 20.65%. The patients from other areas of Xinjiang accounted for 69.09%, while the patients in Urumqi accounted for 26.57%. But there was no statistical difference among each quarter and each year （χ2=12.56, P=0.05）. Among the patients, detection rate of the phlegm was 67.31%, with positive rate of 18.98%. Conclusions The targeted management measures of tuberculosis cases is set down based on the patients＇ gender, age, occupation, region and classification. The finding and management of tuberculosis cases should be strengthened among the elderly, farmers and herdsmen and students. Early discovery, control and treatment will help to improve the prevention level of tuberculosis cases in Xinjiang.