黑龙江省甜菜播种期环境因子对甜菜出苗时间的影响

Effect of meteorological factors on emergence of sugar beet with different sowing dates in Heilongjiang Province

【目的】研究甜菜播种期环境因子对甜菜出苗时间的影响,为黑龙江省甜菜栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以甜菜品种KWS3418为试验材料,设置不同播种期,统计出苗时间及环境因子指标,分析各环境因子与出苗时间的相关性。【结果】在甜菜播种至出苗开始期间,气温积温、平均气温、平均土壤温度与出苗开始时间的相关关系均达极显著水平,土壤积温、土壤含水量与出苗开始时间的相关关系达到显著水平,而平均空气相对湿度与出苗开始时间的相关关系不显著;通径分析表明,土壤积温对出苗开始时间的影响最大,其次是气温积温,最后是平均气温。在出苗开始至出苗完成期间,除平均空气相对湿度外,其他环境因子与出苗完成时间的相关关系均达显著水平;通径分析结果表明,土壤积温对出苗完成时间的影响最大,其次是气温积温,平均土壤温度影响最小。【结论】气温积温、土壤积温、平均气温和平均土壤温度对甜菜出苗影响较大,在实际生产中可根据以上环境因子调整播种期。

【Objective】The effect of meteorological factors on change of emergence of sugar beet during sowing stage was studied to improve the cultivation of sugar beet in Heilongjiang Province.【Method】Taking sugar beet variety KWS3418 as experimental material,the relationship between environmental factors and germination dates was analyzed by measuring the germination dates of sugar beet with different sowing dates.【Result】From sowing dates to the beginning of the emergence,the relationship between accumulated air temperature,average air temperature,average soil temperature and days to emergency was extremely significantly difference,the relationship between accumulated soil temperature,soil water content,and days to the beginning of emergency was significantly,while the relationship between average humidity and days to the beginning of emergency was not significantly.Path analysis indicated that accumulated soil temperate had the largest effect on days to the beginning of emergence,followed by accumulated air temperature and average air temperature.From seedling emergence to complete emergence,the relationships between all meteorological factors and days of emergency were significant except average humidity,and path analysis indicated that accumulated soil temperature had the largest effect on days of emergence,followed by accumulated air temperature and average soil temperature.【Conclusion】Accumulated air temperate,accumulated soil temperature,average air temperature and average soil temperature could affect seedling emergence significantly,and the sowing dates could be harmonized according to those environmental factors in actual production.