三江源区庭院生态经济模式的构建及效益评价

Construction and benefit evaluation of courtyard ecological economic model in the source region of Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River

【目的】针对三江源生态移民和玉树灾后恢复重建中出现的问题，构建了三江源自然保护区庭院生态经济模式，并对其效益进行分析。【方法】在实地调查三江源自然保护区自然条件、社会经济和生活习俗的基础上，分析了构建三江源庭院生态经济模式的基本原理，构建了以太阳能辅助沼气系统为主的庭院生态经济模式，并对其成本和效益进行了分析。【结果】三江源区庭院生态经济模式有效地将三江源区种植业、养殖业、加工业和农户联系起来，庭院生态经济系统总体成本为7～8万元，核定使用寿命为20年，年收入为8万元，经济效益可观。根据估算，20 m3的沼气池每年可以产生1 000 m3的清洁的生物燃气，太阳能加热装置每年可以转化35 000～45 000 MJ的太阳能，每年产生40 t左右的沼肥，完全处理掉人粪尿、畜禽粪便；减少CO2排放5 000 kg，SO2排放30 kg；设施化养殖每户每年可有效保护草地面积20 hm2，生态效益明显；在社会效益方面，改变传统的游牧生活为定居后，不仅有利于居民点的统一规划和建设，而且还有利于提升牧民的生活水平、教育条件和医疗条件。【结论】构建的庭院生态经济模式在三江源区经济、生态和社会效益明显，很适合该区域自然、经济、社会的发展，对解决移民搬迁点的民生问题具有重要的指导价值。

【Objective】A courtyard ecological economic model was built for the nature preservation zone in the source region of Yangtze River,Yellow River and Lancang River （SYYL） and its benefit was evaluated to improve the ecological migration and reconstruction after Yushu earthquake.【Method】Based on the investigation on natural conditions,economic activities and social customs,the basic principles for the construction of courtyard ecological economic model was analyzed,solar assisted biogas based courtyard economic system was constructed,and its cost and benefit were evaluated.【Result】The built courtyard ecological economic model would effectively combine the crop farming,animal husbandry,processing industry and the farmers.The overall cost of courtyard ecological economic system was 70 000-80 000 Yuan,with a life time of more than 20 years and annual income of 80 000 Yuan,which was substantial economic benefit.The 20 m3 biogas pool could produce 1 000 m3 clean biological gas annually,and the solar heating device could generate 35 000-45 000 MJ annually.40 t biogas fertilizers could be generated while completely disposing human waste and livestock manure.As a result,emissions of 5 000 kg CO2 and 30 kg SO2 could be avoided.Using household breeding facilities,each family could effectively protect 20 hm2 grassland.In addition to economic and ecological benefits,the system could also change the farmers from nomadic life to settled life,improve the unified planning and construction for residential sites,and enhance the living, education and health care of herdsmen.【Conclusion】The built courtyard ecological economic model has significant economic,ecological and social benefits in SYYL.It is suitable to the nature,economy and society of SYYL and other migration sites.