《庄子·天下》篇“内圣外王”本意发微

On the Original Meaning of " Inner Cultivation and Exterior Action" in Tianxia of Zhuang Zi

“内圣外王”出于《庄子·天下》篇（以下简称《天下》篇），本是一个道家术语，但在今日学术界被广泛用于儒家，认为儒学之理想和目标可以《天下》篇“内圣外王”一语概括之，儒学即“内圣外王”之学。笔者近年关注“内圣外王”的研究，尝试建构更为合理、周全的“内圣外王”研究范式。本文为该研究的第一部分，敬请方家、学者指正。一、以往学术界对《天下》篇“内圣外王”的理解《天下》篇乃讨论古代学术之名篇，向来备受关注，谈《天下》篇鲜有不涉及“内圣外王”者。自民国以来，关于“内圣外王”大致有这样三种观点：

Tianxia of Zhuang Zi,written by Zhuang Tzu's students,is the work of the School of the Emperor Huang and Lao Tzu which raises the idea of 'Inner cultivation and exterior action'. 'Inner cultivation' means heavenearth centered,modest,humble and letting things take their own course,which is a kind of spiritual vision without fame and wealth beyond the physical world. ' Exterior action' means the success in governing the world naturally by letting the minister work while the emperor does nothing. 'Inner cultivation' mainly inherits from Zhuang Tzu,while ' Exterior action' inherits from Lao Tzu's thought of ' everything can be activated by inactivity' and the thoughts of benevolence,justice,propriety,law and names from Confucianism,Legalism,Mohism and school of Names.