民政救灾保温帐篷高原气候适应性改善研究

Study on Improvement of Highland Climate Adaptation of Civil Relief Tents

本文拟借鉴牛毛帐篷在高原气候适应性方面的优势,以提高民政救灾保温帐篷抵御高原多变气候的能力。首先,通过救灾保温帐篷和牛毛帐篷帐内热环境的对比实测发现:1)保温帐篷篷围的导热系数小于牛毛帐篷,其篷围的保温性能和隔热性能均优于牛毛帐篷,在应对雨雪严寒天气方面保温帐篷具有显著优势;2)牛毛帐篷篷围的透气性和通风口设计均优于保温帐篷,其排热性能比保温帐篷好,能更好的应对酷暑。为了改善保温帐篷的排热性能,本文进一步对比了保温帐篷和牛毛帐篷篷围的通风面积,发现顶部开窗是牛毛帐篷通风设计的优势所在:牛毛帐篷顶部通风面积与顶部表面积的比值至少为11.8%,而保温帐篷的顶部却无通风口。于是本文在通风面积相同的前提下,为保温帐篷增设了顶部天窗,并运用Fluent模拟了改进前后帐内热环境,模拟结果显示:保温帐篷的天窗的通风排热效果优于侧窗,它对改善保温帐篷的高原气候适应性意义重大。

This paper was intended to rely on the advantages of ox hair tent in the plateau climate adaptability to improve resistance of civil relief tents against plateau climate variability. First, it was found from comparison and measurement of thermal environments in civil relief tent and ox hair tent that ： 1 ） Civil relief tent canopy has a lower thermal conductivity coefficient than that of ox hair tent,whose heat insulation performance is superior to that of ox hair tent, and thus has a significant advantage in resistance to snowy and rainy cold weather;2） Ox hair tent canopy has better design of air permeability and vent than those of civil relief tent,whose heat rejection performance is better than that of civil relief tent and which has better resistance to the intense heat of summer. In order to improve heat rejection performance of civil relief tent,this paper further compared ventilation areas of civil relief tent canopy and ox hair tent canopy,and it was found that top window is the advantage of ox hair tent in design of ventilation： Ratio of top ventilation area and top surface area of ox hair tent is at least 11.8% ,while there is vent on the top of civil relief tent. Assuming the ventilation areas were the same,this paper added a top window to civil relief tent and applied Fluent to simulate thermal environment before and after improvement, and the simulation results showed that ： Ventilation and heat rejection effects of civil relief tent with top window are better than that with side window, which is significant to improvement of plateau climate adaptability of civil relief tent. [ Keywords ~ ox hair tent, civil relief tent, plateau climate adaptability, top window