基于耕作半径分析的县域农村居民点空间布局优化——以安徽省埇桥区为例

OPTIMIZATION OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS AT COUNTY SCALE BASED ON ANALYSIS OF FARMING RADIUS——A CASE STUDY OF YONGQIAO DISTRICT IN ANHUI PROVINCE

分析了安徽省埇桥区农村居民点与耕地的空间邻接特征和数量结构关系,通过"均等"和"耕聚比"的方法分别求算耕作半径并构造缓冲区,得出两种耕作压力系数的分布,对其进行比较并提出了农村居民点布局优化策略。结果表明:耕地是皖北平原地区影响农村居民点布局的主要因子,基于各乡(镇)统计的耕地与农村居民点面积存在较好的线性相关;基于"耕聚比"的计算模型较好地解决了农村居民点规模因素对耕作半径计算造成的影响;基于"耕聚比"的方法计算的耕作压力分布在评价耕地与农村居民点的分布合理性上更为实用;耕作压力系数分布对农村居民点合理布局具有一定的指导意义,布局调整中应将压力系数高的地区的拆旧和压力系数低的地区的建新相挂钩。

In regions dominated by agricultural production, it has significant meaning to study the layout optimization of rural settlement based on farm radius. Based on the calculation model of improved farm radius and ArcGIS software, this thesis focused on quantitative analysis and the study of the farming pressure of rural settlements by adopting buffer zone and spatial analysis method.Policies of layout optimization were also pointed out. Firstly, this thesis analyzed spatial neighboring characteristics and quantity structure relations of rural settlement and farmland in Yongqiao district of Suzhou city. From the point of view of spatial neighboring characteristics, farmland and forestland were the closest land on structure and function in rural settlement in Yongqiao district of Suzhou city. Compared with forestland, farmland was the main element influencing the distribution of rural settlement. There was a good linear correlation between farmland area and the rural settlement area in each town.Secondly,Based on regular ＂Equal＂ method of calculating farm radius, this paper referred to the formula of farmland per capita, population and farm radius, and further derived the model calculating farm radius based on the ＂ratio of farmland and rural settlement＂. This model shows that the square of farm radius had a direct ratio to the area of rural settlement.The experiment in Yongqiao district shows that the calculating method based on ＂ratio of farmland and rural settlement＂ solved the problems that rural settlement scale caused. Thirdly, this paper pointed out the conception and calculating method of farming press coefficient.The magnitude of farming press coefficient meaned farm per capita bore how many country labors, and its value was obtained through the ratio between buffer zone of rural settlement and farmland area. Based on ＂Equal＂ and ＂Ratio of farmland and rural settlement＂, this paper calculated farm radius,formed buffer zone and drawed two farming pressure coefficient distribution map.Analysis showed that the method based on ＂ratio of farmland and rural settlement＂ was more practical on evaluating the reasonableness of the distribution of rural settlement. Fourthly, farming pressure coefficient distribution map had guiding meaning for the reasonable distribution of rural settlement. We should adopt different policy for rural settlement in different area with different farming pressure coefficient. The dismantlement of rural settlement in area with high farming pressure coefficient and construction in area with low farming press coefficient should be related together.The policy can ensure that the construction land will not increase, farmland will not reduce, the layout of rural settlement will be optimized. The study can help the layout optimization of rural settlement and increase of the benefit of tillage.The layout of rural settlement is also affected by nature, social economy, history and culture besides farmland.The future research direction is to put forward a comprehensive calculating model with the above elements.