树龄及采摘时间对高州油茶经济指标及其茶油品质的影响

The Influences of Tree-Age and Picking Time on the Economic Indexes and the Seed Oil Quality of Camellia Gauchowensis

为了探究树龄与采摘时间对高州油茶(Camellia gauchowensis)品质的影响,对不同树龄(11年、9年、7年)与不同采摘时间(10月20日和11月9日)的果实质量、茶籽千粒重、茶籽得率、籽仁得率和出油率等经济指标,以及籽仁和茶油的主要成分进行了分析。结果显示,随着采摘时间的推迟,高州油茶的茶籽与籽仁得率、出油率等经济指标和籽仁的脂肪、蛋白质、淀粉等主要成分的含量均有一定的提高;且高树龄的果实质量、茶籽得率等指标均比低树龄的有较大的增加,但在籽仁的主要成分的含量上则无显著优势。此外,树龄和采摘时间对其茶油中脂肪酸的组成影响不大。

In order to make a thorough inquiry of the influences of tree - age and picking time on the fruit quality of Camellia gauchowensis, which were picked from different tree -ages（ 11 years,9 years ,7 years）and of different time points（ Oct. 20th ,Nov. 9th）, the economic indexes, such as the weight of it＇s fruit, Thousand Kernel Weight, the yield of seed and nucleus, oi~ yield, the ingredient of the nucleus and it＇s seed oil of Camellia gauchowensis have been analyzed. The results showed that the economic indexes such as the ratios of seed, nucleus and oil, and the contents of the nucleus ingredient such as fat, protein and starch have all grown as the picking delaying time. The fruit from high tree - age trees was better than the fruit from low tree - age trees in the economic indexes as diameters, weights and seed yields,whereas no significant difference in the contents of the nucleus ingredient containing inner the fruits from different tree - age fruits. Besides, there was no obvious influence of tree - ages and picking times on the composition of fatty acid in the seed oil of Camellia gauchowensis.