吉林省食药用真菌马勃的资源及鉴别研究

Study on the Resources and Identification of Edible and Medicinal Fungi Puffballs from Jilin Province

目的:对吉林省食药用真菌马勃的品种资源进行调查,为开发应用提供科学依据。方法:实地调查,采集马勃标本,通过形态学和显微特征研究,结合文献资料鉴定马勃种类。结果:在吉林省共采集到10种马勃子实体,鉴别出种类的有9种,分别是大马勃、多根硬皮马勃、大口静灰球、小马勃、网纹马勃、梨形马勃、大孢硬皮马勃、马勃状硬皮马勃、紫色禿马勃。结论:9种马勃隶属于3个属,约占吉林省马勃种类的60%左右,大部分为外生菌根菌,所保留的实物标本,拍摄的子实体照片、孢子光学显微照片、扫描电镜照片为马勃的鉴别提供了参考依据。

Objective ： In order to provide a scientific basis for the development and application of edible and medicinal fungi puffballs from Jilin Province, resources of them were investigated, and. Methods： Puffballs specimens were collectedby fieldwork so that their species were identified by researching morphological and microscopic characteristics as well as literature. Results：There were ten puffballs sporocarps collected in Jilin Province and nine of them were identified, they were Calvatia gigantea （Batsh ex Pers. ） Lloyd. ,Scleroderma polyrhizum Pers, Bovistella sinensis Lloyd. , Lycoperdon pusillus Batsch ： Pers. , Lycoperdon perlatum Pers. , Lycoperdon pyriforme Schaeff. ：Pets. ,Scleroderma bovista Ft. ,Scleroderma areolatum Ehrenb. ,Calvatia lilacina （Mont. et Berk. ） Lloyd, respectively. Conclusion：Nine sorts of puffballs belong to three genuses and account for about 60 % of the puffballs species in Jilin Province. Most of them are Ectomycorrhizal fungi. The retained material specimen , photos of sporocarp,optical micrographs of spore as well as scanning electron micrographs provided reference for the identifition of puffball.