云贵高原农村地区生活垃圾特性与管理分析

Characteristics and Management of Domestic Solid Wastes in Rural Areas of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,China

鉴于当前农村生活垃圾的污染日益突出,且云贵高原农村地区生活垃圾的研究尚处于空白,随机选择了该地区9个自然村,通过访问式问卷调查、现场采样、实验室测试等方法,对当地农村生活垃圾的特性、群众对生活垃圾的认知以及参与管理的意愿进行了调研,以期为农村生活垃圾的管理与处理处置提供理论支撑和技术指导。研究表明:云贵高原农村地区生活垃圾产生量为160 g·人-1·d-1;主要组分有厨余类、灰土类、橡胶类、纸类和木竹类;垃圾容重、含水率、灰分、可燃物和热值分别为106 kg·m-3、39.16%、19.48%、41.37%和7615 kJ·kg-1。此外,云贵高原农村地区群众对生活垃圾的污染性认知主要来自于直观感受,对可回收生活垃圾的认知直接受当地废品回收商的影响,对有毒有害生活垃圾的认知不足;群众对生活垃圾处理处置的支付意愿较好,参与生活垃圾保洁和管理工作的意愿较强,该地区已基本具备开展农村生活垃圾管理与处理的群众基础。

Pollution of domestic solid wastes in the rural areas of China has drawn increasing attention. In the rural areas of the Yunnan- Guizhou Plateau, Southwest China, nine villages were randomly selected to investigate the characteristics of domestic solid wastes, people＇ s knowledge of domestic wastes and willingness to participate in domestic waste management using questionnaires, field sampling and laboratory tests. The domestic solid wastes were generated at averagely 160 g·d-1 per capita and mainly consisted of kitchen waste, dust, plastics, paper and wood. The bulk density, moisture content, ash, combustible materials and calorific value of these wastes were 106 kg·m-3, 39.16%, 19.48%, 41.37% and 7615 kJ·kg-1, respectively. In this area, the public＇s perceptions of pollution caused by the domestic solid wastes came primarily from their direct senses; the public＇s knowledge of wastes recycling was influenced greatly by the local recyclem＇ conducts; the people＇s awareness of the hazardous wastes was limited. However, the public showed strong willingness to pay for the wastes disposal and participate in the waste management. Our investigation shows the possibility to develop management and treatment systems of domestic solid wastes in the rural area of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.