新文化生产方式:近代中国文化产业的发生范式

New Mode of Cultural Production: Occurring Paradigm of Cultural Industries in Modern China

近代中国文化产业的发生范式需在完整的文化生产方式叙事框架中加以理解。晚清的被迫对外开放使近代文化生产得以吸收西方现代性要素,从而展现出文化生产主体多元化、职业化,文化生产技术机械化,文化生产组织近代化以及文化生产机制制度化的特点。但这些与传统背离的特点并不意味着对西方近代文化生产方式的简单复制,中国文人阶层的"明道救世"传统和文化生产方式转型中的政治推动决定了近代文化产业的"中国特色"。正是在传统与现代的碰撞中,新文化生产方式成为近代中国文化产业发生范式的本质描述。

The occurring paradigm of cultural industries in modern China should be understood in the complete narrative framework of cultural production mode. Modern cultural production absorbed the elements of western ＂modernity＂ under the background of the forced opening to the outside world in the late Qing Dynasty. Therefore, it showed the diversification and professionalization of cultural producers, the mechanization of cultural production technology, the modernization of cultural production organizations and the institutionalization of cultural production mechanism. But these characteristics which were different from the tradition did not mean that the cultural production mode in modern China was just a simple replication of modern western cultural production mode. The tradition of the Chinese literati class to ＂find out truth and save the world＂, and the political impetus in the transformation of cultural production mode determined the ＂Chinese characteristics＂ of modern cultural production industry. It was just in the collision of tradition and modernity that the new mode of cultural production became the essence description of the occurring paradigm of cultural industries in modern China.