儿童贫血状况与影响因素分析

Analysis of the factors affecting the epidemiology of anemia in children

目的了解儿童贫血患病情况及影响因素，为制定有效的预防儿童贫血策略提供科学依据。方法对1479名1～5岁儿童氰化高铁法测定血红蛋白、胶体金标记免疫层析法测定铁蛋白，并问卷调查儿童家庭情况、个人情况以及儿童营养与饮食状况。结果儿童贫血患病率为4．26％，男童贫血患病率高于女童，1~2岁组儿童贫血患病率最高。在母亲文化程度、家庭收入、铁蛋白含量、食用肉类等方面差异有统计学意义。结论儿童贫血患病情况与喂养方式、辅食添加、家庭状况等因素相关。开展普及儿童健康教育工作，指导家长科学喂养，合理膳食，减少孕期及哺乳期贫血的发生，对降低儿童缺铁性贫血患病率有重要意义。

[ Objective ] The purpose of the study was to investigate the epidemiology of anemia in children as well as their interconnections to provide scientific evidence for the prevention of anemia in children. [ Methods ] We applied hemiglohincyanide method to determine the hemoglobin and colloidal gold marked immunochromatography assay to determine the ferritin in 1479 children between 1 to 5 years old. The questionnaires were also used to know these children＇ family backgrounds, personal information, nutrition and diets. [ Resluts ] The incidence rate of anemia in children was 4.26%. Boys had higher rates of both anemia and ferritin deficiency than girls. Children between 1 to 2 years old group had the highest rates of anemia and ferritin deficiency. There are some statistical differences between education degree of mother, household income, concentration of lactoferrin and meat. [ Conclusion ] Epidemiology of anemia in children is related to some factors such as feeding patterns, complementary food and family status. In order to reduce the incidence of iron-deficiency anemia in children, it is important to popularize health education about children, guide parents about scientific feeding method, rational diet and reduce anemia during pregnancy and lactation.