论新闻职务作品的著作权归属:兼议《著作权法》相关条款的修改

On the Ownership of News Works for Hire: A Discussion on the Revised Draft of Copyright Law

在新媒体技术发展和产业化运营背景下,新闻媒体对职务作品中的权利比重有了更高的要求。对此,《著作权法》修改草案将新闻职务作品作为特殊类型加以规定,使媒体、记者的权利分配发生逆转,但又带来了一系列新的问题。本文认为,应首先尊重当事人的意思自治;在未作约定的情况下,"专有使用权"已可基本满足媒体的权利需求,所以应将新闻职务作品归为任意性规范中的一般类型。同时,应建立集体协商和司法矫正机制防止双方约定失衡。

With the development of new media technology and the industrial operation of medium, news media ask for more rights of works for hire. Accordingly, the revised dratt of copyright law provides that the news works for hire is a special type, which reverses the rights distribution between media and reporter, but also brings a new set of problems.This paper argues that, the parties＇ autonomy should be respected firstly. In the absence of agreement, the ＂exclusive right to use＂ can basically meet the rights requirement of media, so the news works for hire should be treated as a general type in the arbitrary norm. Meanwhile, the collective negotiation and judicial rectification mechanism should be established to prevent the convention imbalance