页岩气水平井工厂化作业造价确定与控制对策

Cost determination and control of factory-like operations of shale gas horizontal wells

中国页岩气开发即将进入"工厂化"作业时代,但现行钻井、压裂工程计价方法与"工厂化"作业模式不匹配,造价方法与管理水平相脱节,不利于进行合理的项目评价和投资决策。为此,从工程造价的角度分析了页岩气水平井"工厂化"作业的6个优点:减少井场占地、缩短建井周期、循环利用钻井液、提高压裂设备利用率、重复利用水资源、提高压裂设备配件材料利用率。进而提出了适应"工厂化"作业模式下的钻井、压裂计价方法:钻井作业按钻机类型以"量价分离"的形式分开次计费,压裂作业按不同阶段设备工作时间和相应台时费单价计费。同时针对"工厂化"作业对当前钻井系统工程造价管理工作所提出的挑战,指出了控制页岩气水平井工程造价的5项对策和措施:加快页岩气水平井"工厂化"作业示范区建设、持续开展技术攻关、优化钻井工艺技术、科学制订计价标准和计价规则、优化井组部署。

China shale gas will enter a new era of ＂factory-like＂ development. However, the project cost evaluation methods at pres- ent do not match with the factory-like drilling and fracturing operations, which will surely affect a project＇s assessment and invest- ment decision-making. Therefore, in terms of engineering cost, this paper summarized the following advantages of factory-like oper- ations of shale gas horizontal wells： little land occupation, short well construction period, recyclable drilling fluids, high usage of frac facilities and accessories, reusable water resources, and so on. To adapt to such factory-like operations, we presented a method- ology of engineering cost evaluation： the drilling cost is evaluated on the sequence of drilling operation according to different rig types under the rule of ＂cost and quantity separation＂; the fracturing cost is evaluated on the equipment operation time and corresponding fee per machine hour at different frac stages. To meet challenges of this proposed methodology, we also offered some cost control measures., to speed up building a demonstration site for the factory-like operations of shale gas horizontal wells, to continuously con- duct technical research, to establish the cost evaluation rule and criteria, and to optimize process technology and well pattern design. This study provides valuable reference for economic and commercial development of shale gas in China.