基于莫氏指数的中国动态工业用水绩效分析

Dynamic performance analysis of China's industrial water use based on the Malmquist index

基于数据包络分析(data envelopment,analysis,DEA)的全要素水使用效率分析存在两点不足,其一是全要素生产率框架下过度估计了水使用效率;其二是该方法所评价的水使用效率是静态的.利用数据包络分析法,在固定水资源使用的情况下,分析了相对水使用效率;在此基础上结合Malmquist指数,构建了动态水绩效指数,并将该指数分解为水使用效率影响与水使用技术变化影响,运用该绩效指数对1999 2005年中国31个省、市、自治区工业水绩效进行了分析,结果显示,导致水绩效低下的原因主要是由于水使用效率过低.

Data envelopment analysis （DEA） is a simple method for processing multiple input and output to examine relative efficiencies at the macro-economic level. DEA has been widely applied to estimate different efficiency scores, such as water efficiency. However, there are two limitations in total-factor water efficiency measuring method which based on DEA. First, it overestimates the water efficiency by comparison with the input-orient DEA method of fixing non-water input. Second, the water efficiency measured by total-factor water efficiency method is static. Considering the above two problems, this paper uses a extension DEA method, which fixing non-water input, to measure water efficiency. Moreover, this paper constructs a dynamic water performance index （WPI） by applying Malmquist index concept. This dynamic WPI can be decomposing into two influence factors which are water efficiency change and water efficiency technical change. Finally, 31 administrative regions＇ industrial water performance from 1999 to 2005 are analyzed by using this WPI. The results show that the low water efficiency is the main reason to cause WPI regress.