提高微生物油脂生产能力的研究进展

Advance in enhancing production of microbial lipids

微生物油脂是生物柴油生产领域具有广阔前景的新油脂资源。然而,利用产油微生物进行油脂的工业化生产仍存在限氮条件下油脂生产强度不够高、对廉价高氮生物质原料的利用效率低等瓶颈问题。随着近年来发酵工程、生物信息学及分子生物学技术的发展,国内外研究者利用不同策略优化微生物油脂的生产条件,并对其油脂积累代谢途径进行改造,旨在获得适用于工业化生产的产油性能优良的油脂菌。本综述总结了国内外利用生化工程、基因工程以及新兴的转录因子工程策略提高产油微生物油脂生产强度和扩大产油微生物廉价底物利用范围方面的研究进展,并展望了基于组学研究、模块途径工程以及反向代谢工程的综合策略在理性改造产油微生物以提高其油脂发酵性能中的应用。

Abstract： Microbial lipid is the novel and promising oil resource for biodiesel production, whereas its production is difficult to meet industrial demand because of the low lipid productivity at the nitrogen-limited condition or inefficient conversion of cheap biomass into lipid. In the last decade, as the development of fermentation engineering, bioinformatics and molecular technologies, many strategies were used to modify the metabolic pathway for lipid accumulation and build up an excellent lipid-producing strain. In this paper, three potential strategies for enhancing the lipid productivity of oleaginous microorganism was reviewed, which includes the biochemical en- gineering （BE） approach, the genetic engineering （GE） approach, and the transcription factor en- gineering （TFE） approach. A comprehensive strategy based on the genomic information, the inverse metabolic engineering and the modular pathway engineering （MOPE） was described for rational construction of an industrial oleaginous strain.