应用肠道微生物示踪地表水粪便污染的研究进展

Research progress of using intestinal microbes to track the sources of fecal pollution in surface water

人和动物的粪便已成为水污染的重要污染源,严重威胁着饮水安全和经济发展。水质污染微生物的传统检测指示菌是总大肠菌群、粪大肠菌群、埃希大肠菌、肠球菌和梭菌属。经过调查发现,上述指示菌由于在体外能存活并繁殖,并且不同宿主之间没有差异性,不能准确用于追踪污染粪便的来源,因此该指标难以直接说明粪便污染源和污染程度。最近的研究表明,Faecalibaterium作为水体粪便污染来源追踪的指示微生物具有很多优点。本文综述了粪便污染指示菌以及其相关替代方法在水质检测中的研究进展,对各种指示菌进行了优、缺点比较,展望了Faecalibaterium的应用前景。

Abstract： Fecal pollution by human and animals has seriously threatened the safety of drinking and recreation water and negatively impacted on economy. Currently, bacteria of total coliform, total fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp. and Clostridium spp. are used as the standard fecal indicator bacteria （FIB）. However, recent studies demonstrate that the density of the FIB correlates only with the degree of a fecal pollution and provides no information about the sources of pollution. To accurately identify the sources of fecal pollution, microbial source track- ing （MST） methods have been developed and used in the United States and other developed coun- tries for effective management of water resource and monitoring. MST methods are techniques matching microbe（s） from a polluted site with that （or those） from an animal source to suggest the source of fecal pollution. This paper is to critically review the recent studies on fecal indicator bacteria and techniques used for MST and to discuss the latest developments of using Faecalibacterium as an alternative FIB for MST, including its future applications in water management and monitoring.