论清华简《系年》的性质

On the Characteristic of Xi Nian Qinghua Bamboo Slips

清华简《系年》23章是前后相序、编排整齐的一部完整的书籍,清华简的整理者认为《系年》是一种编年体史书,它的体例和内容接近于《竹书纪年》。从《竹书纪年》和《系年》的书写体例和内容来看,二者的差别要大于二者的共同,《系年》不同于《竹书纪年》,它的整体特征表明《系年》不是编年体史书。《系年》的记事范围及记事特征都昭示着它不是《左传》的摘编,也与后世的"纪事本末体"存在着根本的区别。更为重要的是,正确理解《系年》的性质,不应该脱离《系年》书写的社会历史氛围,而应该把它放在战国历史语境和文化形态中去考察。与《左传》或"纪事本末体"相比,《系年》更接近于《春秋事语》;它的性质与汲冢竹书中的"国语"三篇相近。

23 chapters of the Bamboo Slips about Xi Nian Collected by Qinghua University a complete book with regular arrangement of before and after segment. The rectifiers have asserted it was a chronological history books, its styles and contents are close to the Bamboo Annals. From the writing styles and contents of the Bamboo Annals and Xi Nian, the difference is greater than the same, Xi Nian is different from the Bamboo Annals, its overall characteristics indicate that Xi Nian is not a chronological history books. The type of writing and the scope of records express that it is not extraction about Zuo Zhuan, and its essential feature is different from event-based historical records of later ages. More importantly, the correct understanding of the nature of Xi Nian should not break away from the social and historical background of it. As compared with Zuo Zhuan or event-based historical records, Xi Nian is closer to the Chun Qiu Shi Yu; its nature is close to Guoyu three articles of Jizhong Bamboo Slips.