兽医流行病学调查与监测中的病例定义

The Case Definition in Veterinary Epidemiological Survey and Surveillance Practice

流行病学调查与监测中,病例定义是用于确定流行病学单元"发病"与否的标准。确定病例定义,既要考虑疫病识别标志,也要考虑流行病学特征。作为确定发病与否的标准,病例定义具有敏感性和特异性。高敏感度的病例定义会将很多不是这种疫病的病例包括在其中,而高度特异的病例定义会排除很多真实病例。病例定义敏感性和特异性会影响调查监测活动和动物疫病监测系统的敏感性和特异性。

Case definition is the standard for identifying whether an epidemiological unit is a case or not in epidemiological survey and surveillance activities. To build a case definition,not only the specific signs,but also the epidemiological chacteristics should be considered. As a standard,the case definition possesses both sensitivity and specificity. The case definition with high sensitivity will involve many cases other than the disease,while that with high specificity will exclude many real cases. The sensitivity and specificity of case definition will affect the sensitivity and specificity of survey,surveillance activity and surveillance system of an animal disease.