气候政策需要民主和公众参与

Climate Policy Needs Democracy and Public Participation

在关于气候保护这个主题的讨论中,迄今为止人们的注意力主要集中在输出表现和政府的治理能力上。相反,输入方面却鲜有人关注。不管在政治层面,还是在政治科学讨论领域都是如此。本文的中心论点是:在气候政策中片面关注输出方面是有问题的,因为这种方式并不关注公民作为个体以及社会作为整体所能做出及必须做出的潜在贡献。气候政治决策的效用和可持续性绝非仅仅依赖于国家行政机构自上而下的管控,而是也同样程度地依赖于公众、市民社会和其他非国家组织自下而上的视角。后者能够参与输入的行为空间和行为可能性越大,被纳入决策进程以及决策实施过程的程度越高,气候政策的效能也越高,可持续性也越强。

In the discussions on the protection of climate,attention is now centered on the output performance and governments' abilities in governance.There is rare attention on the dimension of input.It is the case both on the level of politics and in the discussions in the political science.The central argument in the article is: it is problematic to one-sidedly focus on the dimension of output,because the perspective does not pay attention to the potential contributions both citizens as individuals and society as a whole can make and must do.The effectiveness and sustainability of political decision-making on the climate absolutely do not depend only on the up-to-down regulation of state administration.To the same extent,they also depend on the bottom-up dimension from the public,citizen society and NGOs.The larger space and more possibilities for latter's participative acts,the higher extent to which they are incorporated in the processes of decision-making and implementation of policy,the more effective and more sustainable climate policies would be.