盆地动力学与能源资源——世纪之交的回顾与展望

THE DYNAMICS OF SEDIMENTARY BASINS AND ENERGY RESOURCES——RETROSPCTIVE AND PROSPECTS AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY

沉积盆地是人类最重要的资源宝库。当今人类社会正面临环境、资源与灾害问题的严峻挑战 ,要获得对人类社会繁荣发展至关重要的能源资源就需要更深入地研究盆地。盆地动力学是当今沉积盆地理论研究领域的主要趋向。为了认识盆地的成因及演化过程中的一系列特征 ,不仅需要了解盆地与板块构造格架的关系 ,还需要了解其与深部地幔对流系统的关系。天然地震层析、岩浆岩石学地球化学和盆地模拟技术的综合应用提供了研究这一重要问题的手段。盆地中流体系统的研究对油气成藏和层控金属矿床成矿以及对地下水资源的利用和保护具有关键意义 ,以往研究薄弱的这一领域将成为多学科研究的聚焦点。盆地及其中的油气、煤和放射性矿产等能源资源研究和勘探事业的发展一直有赖于高技术手段、高精度的地球物理技术 ,如三维、四维和多波地震探测 ,以及计算机模拟技术。在新世纪之初将更精确地提供地下地质体和流体活动的影像。计算机模拟技术将成为研究地质与成藏过程的不可缺少的手段。

Sedimentary basin is a huge and important treasury for human beings. Now, the human society is facing a serious challenge from environment, resources and hazards. In order to acquire the energy resources which is vital to prosperity and development of human society, it is necessary to study sedimentary basins more intensively. Currently, the study of the dynamics of sedimentary basins becomes a tendency to theoretical research on sedimentary basins. In order to reveal a series of features of origins and evolution of sedimentary basins, we need to recognize not only the relation of sedimentary basins to plate tectonic framework, but the relation of sedimentary basins to deep mantle convection system. The integration of seismological tomography, igneous petrology, geochemistry and modeling for basin can provide basin dynamic studies with a very important way. The fluid system in sedimentary basins is extremely significant for petroleum accumulation, metallogenesis of many strata bound deposits as well as the utility and protection of underground water resources. This research field, weakly studied before, will become a focus of multi disciplinary research. The study on sedimentary basins, and exploration and development of energy resources such as petroleum, coal and radioactive minerals, etc. have been depending upon high technology, especially high resolution geophysical techniques, such as 3D,4D and multi wave seismic surveys. At the beginning of a new century, traps, reservoirs and activities of fluid flows underground will be more accurately imaged and traced through newer technology. The computer modeling will turn into a necessary tool in the study of geology and accumulation processes. To re observe and re appraise the interior constitution of sedimentary basins by means of new theories and technology will bring a greater increase in resource exploration.