西部地区生态环境建设的若干问题与政策建议

On Some Issues of the Ecological Construction of West China and Proposals for Policy

西部地区是我国生态环境的脆弱地区 ,生态建设是西部地区开发建设必须首先研究和解决的一个重大问题。西部地区生态环境十分复杂 ,西北地区和西南地区的自然生态环境迥异、生态退化问题千差万别。对西部地区的生态环境的基本现状进行了评价 ,提出了生态环境建设的目标 ,分析了生态环境建设中面临的亟待研究和解决的科学、技术和社会经济问题 ,并提出了生态环境建设的若干政策建议。并特别指出 ,应充分发挥科技对生态建设的支撑作用 ,科学实施生态建设工程 ;必须采取基于不同生态经济类型区的自然生态环境特点和生态退化问题的分类指导的生态建设策略 ;建立西部地区生态安全体系 ,开展西部地区生态建设和环境保护立法 。

West China goes across 10 provinces,with an area of about 5.43×106km 2 and 2.85 ×10 8 population ,which accounts for 56.6% of the total area and 22.8% of the total population of China respectively, West China hasa vast area and is the most vulnerable ecological area. The natural geomorphology of Northwest China and Southwest China is widely different. The vulnerably ecological characteristics of West China are severe water and soil erosion, continually developed desertification, low vegetable coverage, increasingly degenerated grasslands, lack of water resource in Northwest China, frequently occurred landslide and mud rock flow, and so on. Ecological construction is very important to the sustainable development of West China region.Based on the assessment of the eco environmental status of West China, the issues that existed in the ecological construction and the urgent scientific, social and economic problems that needed to be solved are analyzed in this paper. The aim of ecological construction in West China is also put forward in the paper. In the end, the authors propose some proposals for the policy of the ecological construction in West China in the first half of the 21st century.