大学生自我分化、社会支持与社会适应对自杀意念的影响

Effects of self-differentiation, social support and social adaption on suicidal ideation in college students

目的探讨大学生自我分化、社会支持和社会适应对自杀意念的影响。方法随机整群抽取大学生被试3097名，采用大学生自我分化量表、大学生社会支持评定量表、大学生适应性量表及自杀意念量表进行调查，运用Pearson相关分析、逐步回归分析以及独立样本t检验对结果进行统计分析。结果自杀意念（发生率3．9％）与自我分化、社会支持和社会适应均呈显著负相关（r=-0．24，-0．17，-0．29，P〈0．001）。社会适应对大学生自杀意念的预测力最强（β=一0．19，P〈O．001），自我分化次之（β=一0．13，P〈0．001），社会支持最小（口=-0．08，P〈O．001）。与无自杀意念组大学生相比，有自杀意念组大学生的人际适应、社会支持、自我分化的总体水平均显著降低。结论在大学生群体中，自我分化、社会支持和社会适应程度可能是预测自杀意念水平的有效因素；校园的心理危机干预中，应考虑设置人际交往训练，改善大学生的人际交往能力和社会适应能力，减轻自杀意念的程度，对预防自杀起到积极的作用。

Objective To explore the effects of self-differentiation, social support, social adaptation on suicidal ideation. Methods A simplified cluster sampling method,involving the random selection of 3097 college students in 23 departments, was used to estimate the scores of Chinese version of Self Differentiation Inventory for university student（ SDI）, Social Support Rating Scale （SSRC）, College Student Adaptability Scale （CSAS） and A- dult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire（ASIQ）. The independent-samples t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise regression analyses were used as statistical analysis techniques.Results The correlation coefficients were negatively significant between suicidal ideation and self-differentiation, social support and social adaptation （ r = -0.24,-0.17,-0.29, P〈 0.001 ）. Social adaptation showed the strongest predictability for suicidal ideation （ ]3= -0.19, P〈0.001 ） ,followed by self-differentiation （/3=-0.13, P〈0.001 ）, social support （ ]3=-0.08, P〈0.001 ）. Independent samples t -test showed that college students with suicidal ideation showed a significant reduction in in- terpersonal adaptation, social support, self-differentiation compared to those without suicidal ideation. Conclu- sion Self-differentiation level, soeial support and social adaptability may be effective predictors for suicidal idea- tion among college students. Future intervention programs may focus on enhancing the interpersonal skills of college students to reduce prevalence of suicidal behavior.