帛书《要》篇“周梁山之占”考释

Textual Research on and Interpretations of the “Divinations about the Zhou Liangshan”in “The Essentials”of the Silk Manuscript of Zhouyi

帛书《要》篇所谓"梁山",即《尔雅》"梁山晋望"之晋梁山;所谓"梁山之占",即《春秋》"梁山崩"之占;"周梁山"为合成词组,"周"指周朝。"梁山"前加"周"字,类似《春秋》书法,意在表明梁山之占为关乎周天子性命之占,含有亲周、尊王之义。"吾百占而七十当"是孔子对自己长期自筮的总结,而"周梁山之占"是历史上的共筮占例。

The ＂Liang Mountain＂ （Liangshan 梁山） mentioned in ＂The Essentials＂ （yao 要） of the silk manuscript of Zhouyi is actually the Liang Mountain in State Jin referred to in Erya 尔雅 {lit., Approaching to the Standard Language） while the ＂divinations about the Zhou Liangshan＂ （ Zhou Liangshan zhi zhan 周梁山之占 ） refer to divinations done after the collapse of the Liang Moutain. Zhou Liangshan is a composite term in which ＂Zhou＂ refers to the Zhou dynasty. Adding ＂Zhou＂ before ＂Liangshan＂ is similar to the writing style of the Spring and Autumn Annals, aiming to indicate that the divinations about （the collapse of ） the Liangshan is concerned with the fate of the king of the Zhou and implicates the meanings of favor to the Zhou and reverence to the king. Confucius＇ assertion that ＂I am right in seventy out of one hundred prognostications＂ is a summary of his long-term practice of divinations whereas the ＂divinations about the Zhou Liangshan＂ is a common case for divinations in the history.