中国含六价铬工业废水排放的行业贡献与空间分布特征分析

Analysis of the industrial share and region distribution of Cr(Ⅵ)containing industrial wastewater discharge in China

根据中国2007年第一次全国污染源普查结果及2010年动态更新结果,分析了含六价铬工业废水排放的重点行业和区域分布特征。结果表明,从空间分布上分析,含六价铬工业废水排放量较高的省份主要集中在中国的中东部地区,排放量位居前10位的地区分别为广东省、湖南省、浙江省、江苏省、河南省、湖北省、河北省、江西省、重庆市、福建省,其排放量之和占全国年排放总量的87%;从行业布局上看,含六价铬工业废水排放量贡献较大的行业分别为金属表面处理及热处理加工业、锻件及粉末冶金制品制造业、皮革鞣制加工业、金属结构制造业、铁合金冶炼业、颜料制造业、汽车零部件及配件制造业、黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业、笔的制造业、其他服装加工专用设备制造业等,该10个行业的排放量之和占全国年排放总量的85%。建议将中东部地区列为中国六价铬等重金属污染防治的重点地区,同时应针对各行业的六价铬排放情况加强生产技术和污染处置技术的研究,依托科技进步进一步降低六价铬等重金属的排放量。

According to the results of the first national pollution census in 2007 and the dynamic update in 2010, the key industries that discharge Cr（Ⅵ） containing industrial wastewater and regional distribution of Cr（Ⅵ） contai-ning wastewater are analyzed in this paper. From the view of spatial distribution,the provinces that discharge Cr（Ⅵ） containing industrial wastewater are mainly concentrated in the mid and eastern of China. The top ten regions are Guangdong, Hunan, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Henan, Hubei, Hebei, Jiangxi, Chongqing and Fujian. The discharges quantity of the top 10 provinces contributed 87% of the national total discharge quantity. In the aspect of industry layout,the following industries contribute the most discharge quantity： metal surface treatment and heat treatment processing, forging and powder metallurgy products manufacturing,leather tanning industry, metal structure manufacturing, ferro-alloy smelting industry, paint manufacturing, automobile parts and accessories manufacturing industry, ferrous metals smelting and rolling processing industry,pen manufacturing and other garment processing equipment manufacturing, which account for 85~ of total discharge quantity. So,the mid and eastern regions in China are suggested as the key areas of Cr（Ⅵ） and other heavy metals pollution. Meanwhile,according to heavy metal discharge in different indus-tries,we should improve the technologies of production and pollutant disposal as well as reduce the discharge of Cr（Ⅵ） and other heavy metals further relying on the scientific and technological progress.