太阳能光伏发电全生命周期评价

Life cycle assessment of photovoltaic electricity generation

运用生命周期评价方法,对10MW光伏并网电站每发电1kW·h整个过程进行分析,并计算资源竭耗系数和环境影响潜值。结果表明:每发电1kW·h所需能耗和CO2排放分别为1 810.8kJ和0.098 4kg,相对燃煤发电可以减少约90.3%的CO2排放量,其中高纯多晶硅生产过程的能耗和CO2排放分别占总能耗和总CO2排放的65.70%和50.20%,所占比例最大;资源竭耗系数标煤占83.54%,天然气占11.08%,油占5.39%;总环境影响负荷为0.008 768标准人当量,对环境影响最大的是酸化,其次为富营养化,其比例分别占82.23%和17.22%,而全球变暖影响最小。

The entire process to produce a kilowatt-hour for 10 MW grid-connected photovoltaie station was an-alyzed by a life cycle assessment approach,which was also applied to calculate the resource consumption coefficient and potential values of environmental impact. The results indicated that the energy consumption and the CO2 emission to produce a kilowatt-hour were 1 810.8 kJ and 0. 098 4 kg, respectively. The carbon dioxide emission reduced 90.3% compared to coal-fired generating. The energy consumption of high-purity polysilicon production process was 65.70 % of the total energy consumption and CO2 emission was 50.20% of the total emission,which were the largest contribu-tor. Coal accounted for 83.54% of the total resource consumption,while natural gas accounted for 11.08% and oil ac-counted for 5.39%. The total environmental impact load was 0. 008 768 PET,and the dominant influence was acidifi-cation, followed by eutrophication, which proportion accounted for 82.23 % and 17.22 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the effect of global warming was the smallest.