南极海洋性气候区土壤水分动态变化研究

DYNAMICS OF SOIL MOISTURE STATUS IN THE MARITIME ANTARCTIC ZONE

利用特制的石膏抗冻电极作为土壤水分探测探头 ,对南极海洋性气候区乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛上两个土壤类型饱和寒冻石质土和贫盐基寒冻始成土进行了土壤自由水分含量动态变化定位监测。研究结果表明 ,本区土壤解冻期可持续 5～ 6个月甚至更长 ,解冻期内土壤自由水主要来自于大气降水、地表融雪、坡面径流以及水平侧渗。土壤水分动态变化规律因土壤类型差异以及剖面底部有无永冻层而表现出明显的不同。另外 ,土壤进入冻结与解冻期的时间、冻融作用的强度以及土壤自由水分状况具有明显的年际变化。

In situ observation of dynamic changes in free water contents of soils at two sites (Eutric gelic Regosol and Dystri gelic Cambisol) was carried out in the ice free area of the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, the maritime Antarctic zone,by use of the specially developed moisture sensing probes as sensors. The variation of freeze thaw and moisture status of the soils, caused by site differences, was demonstrated. In addition, the possible differences of freeze thaw cycle and moisture status of the soils between two years, resulting from variation of climatic factors etc., were discussed. Finally, several general conclusions on moisture regimes and dynamic changes in free water contents of soils in the studied area were tentatively drawn. [WT5HZ]