基于柔性梁模型的大展弦比无人机动力学建模与分析

Flight Dynamics Modeling and Analysis of High Aspect Ratio UAV Based on Flexible Beam Model

高空长航时大展弦比无人机机翼结构刚度小,在飞行中变形幅度大且特征频率低,与无人机飞行动力学响应耦合,改变了无人机的飞行动力学特性。为研究其影响,对大展弦比机翼结构进行空间梁假设,利用Hodges本征梁动力学模型,结合大展弦比气动力片条理论和准定常假设对无人机进行建模,计算配平状态下无人机的静变形。机翼柔性改变了无人机的纵向静稳定性,在不同推力分布下,计算并比较柔性无人机纵向静稳定性变化。计算不同飞行高度、结构刚度和有效载荷挂载情形下的无人机的纵向飞行品质,结果显示由于静弹性变形改变无人机配平状态下的俯仰转动惯量,导致无人机的纵向短周期频率减小,阻尼增大。由于机翼柔性的影响,无人机纵向长周期运动与结构弯曲变形运动发生耦合。

The high aspect ratio wing of the High Altitude Long Endurance （ HALE） UAV is flexible, causing the UAV to have large structural deformation .Adopting the spatial beam assumption of the high aspect ratio wing , this paper studies the flight dynamics of the UAV uses Hodges intrinsic beam dynamics model combined with aerody -namic strip theory and quasi-steady assumption , uses this method , computes the static deformation in trim state , analyzes the stability in different thrust distribution , calculates the flying qualities in different altitudes , structural rigidities and payload distributions .The results and their analysis show preliminarily that：（ 1） the flexible high as-pect ratio wing changes the longitudinal static stability and the pitch inertia of the UAV , resulting in decreased short cycle frequency and increased damping;（ 2） the phugoid motion couples with structure bending motion .