多元文化主义政策的政治和社会效果——以加拿大为对象的研究

Discussion of Political and Social Effects of Multiculturalism Policy in Canada

长期以来,关于多元文化主义政策的政治和社会效果,加拿大国内外一直存在着不同的看法,一些看法甚至是截然相反的。笔者认为,多元文化主义政策在加拿大的政治及社会效果,是不能一概而论的———在加拿大,不同的少数民族群体实际上有着不同的多元文化主义政策,这种政策的差异性再加上政策实施时每个少数民族群体自身的不同情况,使得加拿大多元文化主义政策的政治和社会效果表现出很大的群体差别性。总体上,多元文化主义政策反映了加拿大联邦政府试图整合业已存在的四元结构、建构统一多民族国家的良好愿望,其政治和社会效果不尽如人意。

For a long time,there have been different opinions about the political and social effects of multiculturalism policy in Canada by people at home and abroad.Some of these opin- ions are quite opposite.The author argues that the political and social effects of multicultural- ism policy in Canada cannot be made sweeping generalizations—in Canada;different minority groups actually own distinct multiculturalism policies.The differences among these policies and the diverse situation of each minority group lead to different political and social effects of multiculturalism policy when implemented on different minority groups.On the whole,multi- culturalism policy reflects Canada federal government's strong desire trying to integrate the existing quaternary structure and to build a unified multi-ethnic country,but its political and social effects are not satisfactory.