明至民国时期广东蓝靛植物的种植状况

Indigo Planting in Guangdong Area during the Period from Ming Dynasty to the Republic of China

本文采用文献研究法,对明至民国时期广东种蓝状况进行研究。认为:广东至迟在明朝已形成可对之课税的规模化种蓝业,清朝广东各地普遍种蓝制靛,民国时期种蓝显著减少。清民国时期粤北和珠三角地区曾出现过种蓝流民聚党作乱的情况。种植的品种有木蓝、菘蓝、马蓝和蓼蓝,其中木蓝和菘蓝种植最广泛。采用传统的播种法或扦插法分畦种植,每年最多可采收蓝草四五次;在山中种蓝相当普遍,因地制宜地采用"烧畬种蓝"和"林蓝套种"的种植模式。

Guangdong began to plant indigo at Ming Dynasty at latest, and widely planted in Qing Dy- nasty, but the scale decreased obviously during the republican period. The indigo varieties were Indigofera tinctoria, Isatis tinctoria, Strobilanthe scusia and Polygonum tinctorium, and the former two were planted more widely than the later two. The indigo were planted by ridge cultivation with cutting or sowing method, and reaped four to five times annually. Besides in the farmland, planting in the mountain was also common. Field burning and intercropping in young forest were two planting patterns in the mountain planting.