现场爆破相似模型试验几个问题的研究

Study on Several Problems of the Similar Model Test for On-site Blasting

对于较大规模爆破,难以准确定量分析的问题,通常按照相似理论,通过较小规模的爆破模型试验来确定某些爆破参数。为提高爆破模型试验结果的准确性,以某坑道出口抛掷爆破工程为例,论述了现场爆破模型试验的主要相似参数和动力相似问题,重点讨论了现场爆破模型试验中抛掷距离的相似性问题,得出了抛掷距离与几何相似比成4/3次幂的关系,为现场爆破原型和模型试验抛掷距离之间的换算提供了理论设计依据。研究结果在该坑道出口爆破工程中应用,并得到验证。

Since it is difficult to make quantitative analysis ac- curately in the large-scale on-site blasting, small-scale blas- ting model tests are generally carried out to determine the related parameters according to the similarity theory. To im- prove the accuracy of the test results, taking a casting blas- ting at one tunnel exit as an example, similar parameters and dynamic similarity of the model test for on-site blasting was analyzed, the similarity relation of the casting distance in the test was mainly discussed, a conclusion that the ratio of casting distance and geometric similarity is 4/3 power was obtained. It provides a theoretical basis for the conversion of casting distance between the blasting prototype and the mod- el in the test. The results of the study has been practically applied and verified in the blasting of this tunnel exit.