导电聚苯胺纳米纤维及其复合薄膜的制备与研究

Preparation and characterization of conductive polyaniline nanofibers and their composite films

采用快速混合和超声波辐射复合途径，制备了直径约100～150nm，长度约3001000nm的聚苯胺（PANI）纳米纤维，并以此纳米纤维为导电填料，以硅橡胶（SE）为基体，通过溶液混合制备了PANI／SE导电复合薄膜。PANI纳米纤维合成过程简单，产率高达72wt％，适合大规模制备。PANI纳米纤维的电导率约10S／cm，且具有很好的分散性，可将其分散在石油醚中，并记录相应的紫外可见光光谱。x射线衍射分析表明，所得PANI纳米纤维为部分结晶态。所得PANI／sE导电复合材料电导率随着PANI纳米纤维含量的增加而提高，最高可达1．5S／cm。该复合薄膜可用于静电释放、电磁干扰屏蔽等领域。

Polyaniline（PANI）nanofibers with diameters of 150-200nm and lengths of 300-1000nm were synthesized by combined rapid mixing and ultrasonic irradiation method. Conductive composite film was prepared by a solution assisted way, using PANI nanofibers as the conductive fillers and silicone elastomer（SE）as the matrix. The synthesis process was relatively easy,and yield as high as 72wt% was achieved, which was suitable for large scale fabrication. PANI nanofibers exhibited conductivity of ca. 10 S/cm,and can be easily dispersed in petroleum ether to form a uniform dispersion, which can be used to record its UV-vis spectrum. X-ray diffraction showed that the PANI nanofibers were partially crystallized. The conductivity of the PANI/SE composites was increased with loadings of PANI nanofibers, and can be 1.5 S/cm for the highest. The composite films showed great potential in the fields such as electrostatic discharge and electromagnetic inter- ference shielding.