沙特阿拉伯私营经济劳工“沙特化”政策探析

An Analysis of Localization Policy of Labor in Saudi Private-sector Economy

沙特是中东地区最大的劳力输入国,数百万外籍劳工遍布沙特私营经济的各个部门。沙特政府实施的劳工"沙特化"政策旨在通过各种促进人力资源发展的有效措施,适度与合理控制外籍劳工的增长,并逐步由本国劳动力取而代之。该政策的大方向符合该国持续和稳健发展的客观需要。但从根本上看,大量外籍劳工的存在是由沙特经济发展规模和总量的不断膨胀,以及劳动力供求关系所决定的,同时也受其他主、客观多种因素的制约。故此,沙特很难在短时间内改变大量雇佣外籍劳工的现状,劳工沙特化政策将经历一个渐进的演化过程。

Millions of expatriate laborers are currently employed in various pri- vate sectors of Saudi economy, making Saudi Arabia the biggest labor - importing country in the Middle East. The Saudi localization of labor in private - sector econo- my aims at having control over the growth be replaced with Saudi laborers through of expatriate laborers who are expected to effective measures promoting human re- sources development. This policy generally meets the need of maintaining stable and sustainable development of Saudi Arabia, but the mass employment of expatriate la- borers, while affected by other factors, is basically stimulated by constantly expan- ding scale and aggregate of economic development and the imbalance of supply and demand in the labor market. Hence, the status quo of mass employment of expatriate laborers can hardly be changed over a brief span, and the policy of labor localization may have to experience a gradual process of occasional setbacks.