基于性染色体CHD基因序列差异鉴定鸡的性别

Chicken Sex Identification by Molecular Technology Based on Discrepancy of CHD Gene on Sex Chromosomes

家禽的性别一般可以通过翻肛法或其他常规方法来鉴定,但只能在出雏之后进行。近年来发展的分子生物学方法可以将家禽的性别鉴定时间提早到胚胎期,而且正确率能够达到100%。家禽性别由性染色体W和Z决定,雌性为ZW型,雄性为ZZ型。CHD基因在性染色体Z和W上均存在,本文根据该基因的某段序列在性染色体Z和W上的大小差异,设计出一对引物。利用该对引物对清远麻鸡鸡胚肉样以及成年鸡血液中提取出的基因组DNA进行扩增,并对扩增产物进行克隆测序验证以及琼脂糖凝胶电泳,结果表明扩增序列为CHD基因的目的片段;电泳条带差异明显,根据条带数的不同可以明确区分鸡的性别。

Conventional approaches,such as anal swelling or other methods to identify the genders of poultry. However, these methods must be used after hatching. As early as embryonic stage of poultry, genders can be identified via molecular technology,of which the validity is nearly 100%. Rasorial genders are determined by W and Z sex chromosome with the genotype of ZW and ZZ meaning female and male respectively. Homologous chromosomes Z and W both have a gene named CHD, which contains different length of fragment. A pair of primers of which the reaction production contains the different fragments region were designed. The productions of the primers based on genomic DNA of Qingyuan patridge chicken embryos and bloods were cloned and sequenced. The sequenced fragment proved to be the correct partial sequence of CHD gene was electrophoresed with obviously different bands. The distinction of bands numbers between the two genders make it possible to identify chicken sex.