中国古代诗学中“以古为律”思想的演进

The Evolution of the Concept“Emulating Pre- Tang Regulated Verses”in Ancient Chinese Poetics

"以古为律"是中唐以来出现的一个重要的诗学观念,律诗定型后受"尊古轻律"思想的影响,学者们在批评律诗缺乏古诗的风骨、兴寄、质朴、自然等美学特征的同时,倡导"以古为律",即借鉴古诗的修辞技巧、篇章结构、诗体功能和创作精神来改造律诗。唐人主张"以古之比兴就今之声律",试图把源自齐梁的律诗纳入到《诗经》以来关怀现实、讽喻政治的比兴传统;宋代以后的"以古为律"思想侧重于修辞技巧和篇章结构,清人的声律论细致辨析古、律体诗歌声律规则的差异,更将"以古为律"引向细密和琐碎。"以古为律"展现了律诗学习古诗艺术的不同角度和层面,体现了历代学者对古诗、律诗不同的艺术法则的深入思考,值得我们借鉴。

As an important poetic concept, the trend of ＂emulating pre -Tang regulated verses＂ arose in mid -Tang Dynasty. After its finalization of the pattern, the metrical verses were criticized by those scholars believing that the regulated verses are inferior to the pre - Tang poems, as they were believed to lack the pre - Tang＇ s esthetic characters like Fenggu （air） , Xingji （message） , simplicity and naturalness. Thus, some scholars proposed the concept of ＂emulating pre -Tang regulated verses＂ to learn from pre -Tang poems＇ rhetoric technique, text structure, style function and writing spirit. Tang poetry advocated Bixing （ two metaphorical and rhetorical qualities from The Book of Songs） in the metrical verses, and attempted to incorporate this rhetoric device prevailing in the Qi and Liang Dynasties into the poetry so as to allegorically reflect life and politics. After the Song Dynasty, the emulation of pre - Tang regulated verses highlighted the rhetoric technique and the composition structure, while the Qing - Dynasty poets focused on details in poetry such as the differences between the rhythmic rules of regulated verses and pre - Tang poems. The concept of ＂emulating pre - Tang metrical verses＂ showed the development of poetic tradition in different perspectives and levels, and the artistic thoughts of poets on regulated verse and ancient style verses provided us with fruitful inspirations for further studies.