中国古代小说传“奇”的史传渊源及内涵变迁

The Historical Origin and Changing Connotation of Recording“the Extraordinary”in Chinese Ancient Novels

传"奇"作为中国古代小说本质特征,不论属性生成,还是内涵变迁,均与中国古代史传存在密切渊源联系。小说与史,"不尽同而可相通",史之叙事基于"神道设教"目的对奇闻异事的采撷、基于传"义"目的对"文"的凭藉,均对古代小说传"奇"提供了丰富艺术资源。"子不语怪力乱神"的历史正统观、史传编撰对"怪力乱神"的一般性排斥及对"文"的限制使用,既促成了中国古代小说传"奇"本质的生成,又促使小说传"奇"由"怪力乱神"向化奇入正、常中见奇、笔下生奇道路迈进。好奇异之事,喜谲怪之谈,能于常中见奇,笔下生奇,既是中国古代小说最大的民族特点,也是中国文化中一直遭受"雅正"文化压抑的"亚文化"或"第二文化"。本文目的就是要揭示这一历来被遮蔽和压抑的"第二文化",以"去蔽"方式,还它们的本来面目。

Recording ＂the Extraordinary （Qi） ＂ is an essential character of Chinese ancient novels, and both its attributes and connotations have been deeply connected with Chinese ancient historical biographical writing. Chinese ancient novels and Shi （ historical biography） are closely linked but not similar, as the narrative of historical biography is based on the principles of collecting the extraordinary for the purpose of instructing the sacred way and expressing the justice （Yi） through rhetoric~ working （Wen）. The orthodox concept in ＂Confucius not talking about the strange and uncanny＂ and the general exclusion of the extraordinary in the historical biography and the restriction of the use of rhetoric in writing have on the one hand constructed the essential character of recording the extraordinary and on the other hand promoted the turning of recording the extraordinary into revealing the extraordinary in the ordinary. The favor for the extraordinary is both a national character shown in Chinese ancient novels and a feature of the second culture or subculture what has always been suppressed by the orthodox culture. The paper aims at exposing the subculture and revealing its original state.