东南亚印度教神庙的分类及特点

Study on Construction Styles and Characters of Hinduism Temples in Southeast Asia

印度教是印度文化影响东南亚的重要表现形式,东南亚的众多印度教神庙一方面体现了相同的宗教源头,另一方面体现了印度教多样的本地化过程。印度教神庙已经成为东南亚文化的重要组成部分。本文将东南亚的印度教神庙建筑风格分为吴哥式、占婆式、爪哇式、巴厘岛式和泰米尔式等5种类型。笔者认为,东南亚的印度教神庙与移民活动存在密切的联系,并呈现出与其他宗教建筑的巨大差异。为了适应东南亚的自然环境和文化环境,印度教神庙进行了大量的本土化改变,特别是通过祭祀活动与灵魂崇拜结合,获得了坚实的民众基础,保证了宗教影响能够持续至今。

Hinduism Temples in Southeast Asia expressed the same religion influences from India and strong localiza- tion in history. In this article, the author classified the temple structures into 5 styles： Angkor style, Champa style, Java style, Bali style and Tamil style. In the conclusion, the author considered that construction of the Hinduism temples in Southeast Asia established closed relationship with the Indian immigrations and showed extreme differences with other reli- gious buildings. In order to attracted more followers, the Hinduism accepted traditional believes and updated the functions of temples. The unique environment and material sources also played important roles when the temples were built.