公共自行车运营模式的定量研究--应用委托代理理论

The Quantitative Research on Different Business Models of Bikesharing Systems with Principal-agent Theory

为建立政府对公共自行车运营企业有效的激励机制,充分调动公共自行车运营企业的积极性。本文对三种典型的公共自行车运营模式下政府和运营企业间的关系首次进行了定量研究,构建了不同运营模式下政府和运营企业间的委托代理模型。结果发现在政府成立企业运营的模式下政府企业缺少努力工作的激励;政府与企业合作模式下,企业更多的追求消费者剩余与员工闲暇的均衡而不是提高努力水平降低成本;在公共资源置换企业公共自行车服务的运营模式下,企业具有主动提高服务水平的动力但面临着更高的市场风险。为兼顾公共自行车的公益性和经济性,政府需要提供必要的财政补贴,同时市场化的运营模式能更大的调动企业的积极性。

In order to establish an efficient incentive regulation to bring into full play the initiative of the hikesharing operating enterprises, this paper quantifies the relationship between the government and the bikesharing enterprises, and formulates the principal-agent model in three typical bikesharing business models. The result shows that： when the government operates the bikesharing systems, the efficient of the enterprise is the lowest ; when the bikesharing system is operated through the cooperation between government and enterprises, the enterprises are more likely to pursue the trade off between cost and leisure rather than hard work; and when the advertising enterprises operate the bikesharing system, they improve the service level consciously, but they face much more financial pressures and risks because of the lack of direct financial subsidies. Considering both of the public welfare and economy of the bikesharing systems, the government should provide necessary financial subsidies while adopting a market operation mode.