1949年以来中国农村发展回顾与展望

Retrospect and Prospect of China's Rural Development Since 1949

首先以粗线条描述了大集体和包产到户两个不同时期中国农村生产的总体状况及农民的现实感受,指出了两种农村体制的优点与不足;接着按照统计数据对中国农村人口结构现状进行分析,得出农村人口流失严重的结论;然后对近10年国家一系列"三农"政策的调整和所发挥的巨大历史作用作了深刻阐述;最后对中国农村的未来发展做出展望,认为农业现代化是解决粮食安全的根本途径,是强国富民、全面建成小康社会的重要保证,体现在农业生产专业化、规模化、集约化、机械化上。实行农村土地流转势在必行,但不能强迫命令、一哄而上,要因地制宜、循序渐进,同时还需要协调解决好农村城镇化、农民市民化和保护耕地等问题。

Firstly, this paper roughly described overall situation of China＇s rural production and farmers＇ realistic feelings during two different periods, large collective and household responsibility, and pointed out advantages and disadvantages of the two kinds of rural institutions. Next, this article analyzed current structure of China＇s rural population according to statistical data, and got a conclusion that rural population lost seriously. Then, this paper profoundly expounded adjustments of a series of national ＂three rural＂ policies and their great historical role in recent decade. Finally, on the future development of China＇s rural areas, this paper thought that agricultural modernization, which embodied in agricultural production specialization, scale, intensification, mechanization, would be a fundamental way to solve food security and an important guarantee for national strength and prosperity and building a well-off society. At the same time, rural land circulation would be imperative, but it cannot force command and jump on the bandwagon, it should be adapted to local conditions, step by step, and also need coordination to solve the rural urbanization, urbanization of farmers, farmland protection and other issues.