2010—2012年南宁市职业暴露人群血清学和环境高致病性禽流感监测分析

Serological and environmental analysis on highly pathogenic avian influenza among occupational exposure population in Nanning City from 2010-2012

目的了解南宁市职业暴露人群高致病性H5N1禽流感病毒的接触感染状况和南宁市及周边地区活禽市场、养殖厂等环境禽流感病毒H5、H7、H9亚型污染状况,为防治人禽流感提供科学依据。方法在2010—2012年采集从事家禽养殖、屠宰等人群血清标本用红细胞凝集抑制试验(HI)检测H5N1抗体;对在城乡活禽市场外环境采集的笼具涂抹、粪便和污水标本用荧光定量PCR法检测禽流感病毒FluA、H5、H7、H9核酸。结果共采集职业暴露人群80人份血清H5N1抗体均为阴性;环境标本175份禽流感病毒核酸监测阳性标本为47份,阳性率为26.86%。A型禽流感病毒核酸阳性标本分布于6个城区(县)的9个活禽农贸市场,各个季节采集的标本的阳性率有差异。3种类型的标本中,水的阳性率最高,其次是笼具涂抹标本,粪便的阳性率最低。结论禽流感H5亚型在南宁市职业暴露人群中未发现隐性感染;活禽市场环境普遍存在高致病性禽流感病毒的污染,H5和H9亚型是主要的病原体。

[ Objective] To understand the exposure and infection status of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza among occupa- tional exposure population in Nanning City, as well as the pollution status of avian influenza viruses （ H5, H7 and H9 ） in live poul- try markets and farms in Nanning City and surrounding area, provide scientific basis for prevention and control of human avian influ- enza. [ Methods]The serum samples were collected from people engaged in poultry farming and slaughter during 2010-2012, and H5N1 antibody was detected by hemagglutination inhibition （ HI ） test. The cage swab, stool and sewage water specimens were col- lected from live poultry markets, and the nucleic acid of avian influenza viruses （ Flu A, H5, H7 and H9 } was detected by fluores- cence quantitative PCR. [ Results] All of 80 serum samples from occupational exposure population were negative for H5N1 antibod- y. Among 175 enviromnental specimens, nucleic acid of avian influenza virus was detected in 47 specimens, with the positive rate of 26.86%. The positive specimens of influenza A virus nucleic acid were distributed in 9 live poultry markets of 6 districts, and there was significant difference in positive rate among samples collected in difference seasons. In 3 types of samples, the positive rate of waster samples was the highest, followed by the cage swab specimens, and the positive rate of stool specimens was the low- est. [ Conclusion ] The inapparent infection of H5 avian influenza virus has not been found in occupational exposure population in Nanning City. The pollution of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses is common in live poultry markets and farms, which H5 and H9 are the prevailing subtypes.